The process where the primary teeth (baby teeth) first appear is called teething. Teeth that are present at birth or develop shortly thereafter are referred to as natal teeth. The first teeth usually appear some time between the ages of 3 months and 16 months. All 20 primary teeth are typically present by the time a child reaches 3 years of age. The teeth usually emerge in a set pattern and at predictable intervals of time. They tend to emerge two or four at a time.

Teething can be painless for infants but often produces some discomfort. The symptoms of teething vary widely between babies and can include irritability, drooling, chewing on things, swollen gums, disrupted sleep, changes in eating patterns and a low-grade fever. A fever above 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius), diarrhea, vomiting or diaper rash are not associated with teething and may signify an infection or other illness.

Teething is usually not a reason for parents or caregivers to worry or to make a special trip to a pediatrician. However, if an infant appears especially uncomfortable, a pediatrician can offer recommendations to manage the discomfort.

Teething infants need to chew. The pressure produced by chewing helps relieve the discomfort and wears down the gums in front of the tooth, making it easier for it to emerge. A clean, wet, chilled washcloth is a useful chewing aide. Teething rings, pacifiers and toys made of firm rubber are also good items for an infant to chew. Hard, unsweetened teething crackers may also be useful as well as a baby bottle filled with water. Relief of teething discomfort may come from chewing on the nipple of the bottle as well as the sucking action. Firmly rubbing the gums with a clean finger can also soothe the infant’s discomfort.