The only effective treatment for a food allergy is the complete removal of food allergens from the diet. The diligent practice of avoidance is a necessity for anyone suffering from a food allergy.

Once an allergic reaction to a food has occurred, however, there are some alternatives for the relief of allergy symptoms. These medications can help relieve symptoms somewhat, but are by no means a cure for the condition. These medications should not be viewed as a countermeasure or effective antidote for food allergies. Only avoidance of problem foods can successfully treat a food allergy.

Though some medications for the relief of allergy symptoms are available over-the-counter, they should be used only under the direction of a physician. Some medications that may be recommended include:

• Antihistamines. Medications that provide relief for more common allergy reactions such as hives, sneezing, runny nose and gastrointestinal symptoms. Antihistamines directly counteract the effects of the histamines, which are chemicals responsible for most allergy symptoms. With mild symptoms, these drugs are usually administered orally. For more severe allergic reactions, a physician may recommend an injected form of antihistamine.
  
  

  

• Bronchodilators. Medications that open the airways of the lungs, relieving symptoms such as shortness of breath or wheezing. They may be recommended for people whose food allergies trigger asthma attacks or asthma-like symptoms. They are usually breathed directly into the lungs using an inhaler.
  
  
• Epinephrine injection. A synthetic form of adrenaline that, when injected, is a powerful bronchodilator, opening breathing tubes and restoring normal respiration quickly. It is used for the most severe allergic reactions involving life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Most physicians recommend that individuals who are susceptible to severe reactions carry an injection of epinephrine with them at all times and understand how to self-administer the drug. A medical alert bracelet or necklace is also a good idea for these individuals.
  
  
• Corticosteroids. Medications that reduce inflammation. These medications are most commonly used to treat severe allergic reactions in infants.