Cradle cap is a common skin condition that affects infants. It often causes yellow crusty or flaky patches of skin on the scalp. It is rarely itchy or uncomfortable for the infant, although its appearance may worry parents or other caregivers. Cradle cap is not contagious. A rash that appears on other areas of the body (besides the scalp) may indicate another condition.

Cradle cap often appears within a baby’s first year – most commonly during the first three months. Although it is uncommon after the first year, it can affect children up to three years of age.

The cause of cradle cap is unknown. It is associated with skin glands that produce oil, hormones and possibly a certain type of fungi. Cradle cap is not caused by poor hygiene or allergies. Factors that may increase an infant’s risk of cradle cap include a family history of skin conditions, fatigue, weather extremes and oily skin.

Parents should consult a pediatrician if the problem persists, symptoms worsen or other areas of the body become affected. During a physical examination, a physician will look for the identifying signs of cradle cap. A thorough medical history can help identify other possible causes of skin rashes, such as irritants or allergies. If allergies are suspected, a physician may refer a child to an allergist (specialist who diagnoses and treats allergies).

There is no way to prevent cradle cap in infants. Most cases resolve on their own without treatment, although parents may help speed the process by gently loosening dead skin cells on the scalp and cleaning the area with daily shampoos. In severe or persistent cases, a physician may also recommend or prescribe certain medicated shampoos or lotions.