Cockroaches are a common insect infestation problem in many households and other buildings in the United States. They shed the outside of their skin (cuticles), feces, saliva and eggs, all of which contain proteins that can be allergens.

This debris is a common trigger of allergies and allergic asthma attacks. Cockroach debris is more likely to trigger an asthma attack than cat dander, according to research by the National Institute of Environmental Health Science. The presence of cockroach debris indoors is also a major cause of asthma.

Cockroaches are frequently found in crowded cities and in the southern regions of the United States. Once a building is infested with cockroaches, it is very difficult to get rid of the insects and their associated debris. Cockroaches require sources of food, water, warmth and hiding places. The average household is an excellent environment for cockroaches, as all of their needs are met inside.

Between 17 and 41 percent of children and adults in the United States are allergic to these insects, with a higher occurrence of the allergy in inner cities.  

Cockroach debris allergies produce the same symptoms associated with other allergic conditions. These include itchy and runny nose, itchy and watery eyes, sneezing and breathing difficulties.

Allergies to cockroach debris can cause serious reactions involving more than one body system (called anaphylaxis). While rare, anaphylactic reactions to cockroach debris can lead to a potentially life-threatening reaction called anaphylactic shock, which involves difficulty breathing and a drop in blood pressure. 

Allergies to cockroach debris can be diagnosed and treated by a physician. A detailed medical history will be obtained and one or more allergy tests may be performed. Treatment options may include removal of all cockroach debris (if possible) and medications such as antihistamines and bronchodilators. Total removal of cockroach debris will require thorough and repeated cleansing of the entire indoor environment.