Use the A-Z list to browse more than 6,000 health-related topics in our library. Clicking on a term opens the definition and, in most cases, links to more information.
An essential fatty acid (not manufactured by the body) necessary to maintain health. Food sources include purslane and certain oils (e.g., flaxseed, canola, perilla, walnut). More Information on ALA: Functional Foods
A common, inherited deficiency or absence of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down the sugars in milk and other dairy products. More Information on Alactasia: Digestive Health Basics
An inherited disorder that usually becomes apparent in the first year of life. Among other things, this condition causes the narrowing or disappearing of bile ducts, resulting in a buildup of bile in the liver. More Information on Alagille Syndrome: Pediatric Digestive
Also Known As: "SGPT, ALT, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, Alanine Transferase"
An enzyme found mostly in the liver that is vital to energy production, formerly known as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Blood levels can be used to diagnose cancer, liver inflammation, heart failure, heart attack and other conditions. More Information on Alanine Aminotransferase: Blood Tests
Also Known As: "SGPT, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, ALT"
An enzyme found mostly in the liver that is vital to energy production, formerly known as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Blood levels can be used to diagnose cancer, liver inflammation, heart failure, heart attack and other conditions. More Information on Alanine Transferase: Blood Tests
"Alanosine" is more commonly referred to as "Decitabine" in the medical community. Decitabine
A type of antimetabolite, medications that block the body's chemical process, such as those that create chemical, proteins and substances needed for cells to grow and multiply. They may be used to slow the growth of tumors. More Information on Decitabine: Cancer Drug & Medication
A rare inherited disorder in which people are born with insufficient amounts of the skin pigment melanin. The lack of melanin influences the color of the skin, hair and eyes in varying amounts according to the degree the person is affected. More Information on Albinism: Skin Discoloration
A key protein that is water soluble and found in various parts of the human body, including the clear fluid portion of blood (serum albumin). It is also found in many foods, such as egg whites, egg yolks (ovalbumin), milk and animal products. More Information on Albumin: Nutrition Basics
"Albumin Test" is more commonly referred to as "Total Serum Protein" in the medical community. Total Serum Protein
Also Known As: "Protein Test, Serum Protein Electrophoresis, Globulin Test, Serum Protein, Serum Globulin, Total Protein Test"
A blood test that measures the levels of proteins in the blood, including albumin and globulin. Measuring these levels can give physicians valuable information about a patient's nutritional state, as well as the function of the kidney and liver. More Information on Total Serum Protein: Blood Tests
"Albumin Urine Test" is more commonly referred to as "Microalbuminuria Test" in the medical community. Microalbuminuria Test
Also Known As: "Microalbumin Urine Test"
A urine test to detect small amounts of protein, which is not normally found in urine. Small amounts of protein in urine (microalbuminuria) is an early sign of kidney disease. High blood sugar can damage kidney blood vessels, causing protein to be lost in urine. More Information on Microalbuminuria Test: Diabetes & Endocrine Tests
"Albuminuria" is more commonly referred to as "Proteinuria" in the medical community. Proteinuria
Abnormally high levels of protein in the urine, which may indicate a kidney disorder or cardiovascular disease. Proteinuria may predict progressive kidney failure in people with type 2 diabetes. More Information on Proteinuria: Kidney (Renal)
"ALCL" is more commonly referred to as "Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma" in the medical community. Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
An aggressive form of non Hodgkin's lymphoma that usually involves the T cells. It may appear in the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, skin, bones or soft tissue. More Information on Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Lymphoma (Hodgkin's & Non)
A colorless liquid present in fermented or distilled liquors. It depresses the central nervous system. Moderate drinking may provide some health benefits, but excess alcohol consumption has numerous ill effects on health. More Information on Alcohol: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
Alcohol contains many by-products and some are recognized carcinogens. Risk increases with the amount of alcohol consumed. Alcohol use may contribute to the development of breast, colorectal, esophagus, liver and pancreas cancers. More Information on Alcohol & Cancer Risk: Cancer Risk Factors
Alcohol affects children in many ways. Infants of mothers who drink while pregnant may have birth defects. Children with an alcoholic parent have an increased risk of emotional problems. Drinking at an early age also poses risks.
Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. Moderate alcohol consumption may have some health benefits, but people with diabetes must be aware of how alcohol affects them and the increased risk of certain diabetic complications. More Information on Alcohol & Diabetes: Diabetes Diet & Fitness
Alcohol can have a significant impact on nutrition. It interferes with the absorption of essential nutrients and, in large amounts, can contribute to malnutrition. More Information on Alcohol & Diet: Nutrition Basics
Certain chemicals contained in alcohol can cause a headache to develop. The headache may occur immediately or be delayed. More Information on Alcohol & Headache: Headache & Migraine
Alcohol is often not thought of as a drug. But alcohol is a sedative, a hypnotic, a stimulant and a depressive. While moderate alcohol consumption can actually have heart-health benefits, excess alcohol, like cigarettes, makes the heart work harder. More Information on Alcohol & Heart Disease: Heart Diet & Fitness
Alcohol is an anxiolytic (relieves anxiety and tension) that may have pain relieving qualities. It was once administered for pain relief by physicians and some people still use alcohol for this purpose. Serious abuse problems may result. More Information on Alcohol & Pain: Pain Basics
Also Known As: "Pregnancy & Alcohol, Drinking & Pregnancy"
Alcohol is a teratogenic substance (capable of causing birth defects). The National Health and Medical Research Council recommends avoiding alcohol entirely during pregnancy. More Information on Alcohol & Pregnancy: Pregnancy Management
Alcohol has a greater effect on women than men. Women become intoxicated or "drunk" after drinking smaller amounts of alcohol than men. This is due to women's smaller size and body weight, as well as other factors.
A relatively new and promising procedure for people with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. It involves the destruction of certain heart cells with ethanol (alcohol) to shrink the heart muscle and increase the space for blood to flow. More Information on Alcohol Ablation: Heart Failure
Dependence upon the consumption of alcohol. Patients crave excesses of alcohol despite physical and social repercussions and experience tolerance to alcohol and withdrawal when they attempt to cut down on its consumption. More Information on Alcohol Dependence Syndrome: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
The ingestion of a toxic amount of alcohol in a brief time frame. Amount of toxicity is detected with an alcohol blood level test. Symptoms can be fatal and include confusion, failure to respond, unconsciousness and shallow breathing. More Information on Alcohol Poisoning: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
Birth defects due to fetal alcohol exposure. Problems may include abnormalities of the heart, kidneys, bones, hearing loss and/or vision impairment. More Information on Alcohol Related Birth Defects: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
Central nervous system abnormalities that occur as a result of fetal alcohol exposure. Children affected commonly display cognitive and behavioral problems, but no growth deficiency or facial abnormalities. More Information on Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
A colorless liquid present in fermented or distilled liquors. It depresses the central nervous system. Moderate drinking may provide some health benefits, but excess alcohol consumption has numerous ill effects on health. More Information on Alcoholic Beverage: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
A type of dilated cardiomyopathy can be caused by the overconsumption of alcohol. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart's ability to pump is reduced because the left ventricle (one of the two lower chambers of the heart) is enlarged. More Information on Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: Heart Failure
A type of dilated cardiomyopathy can be caused by the overconsumption of alcohol. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart's ability to pump is reduced because the left ventricle (one of the two lower chambers of the heart) is enlarged. More Information on Alcoholic Heart Disease: Heart Failure
Dependence upon the consumption of alcohol. Patients crave excesses of alcohol despite physical and social repercussions and experience tolerance to alcohol and withdrawal when they attempt to cut down on its consumption. More Information on Alcoholism: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
Children with an alcoholic parent have an increased risk of emotional problems. They may feel confused, depressed, angry or guilty and may have troubles forming close relationships. More Information on Alcoholism & Children: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
"ALD" is more commonly referred to as "Adrenoleukodystrophy" in the medical community. Adrenoleukodystrophy
A genetic condition that results in damage to myelin (a substance that insulates nerves). It is more common in men and is usually diagnosed by age 10. It is often fatal, but treatment can extend life. More Information on Adrenoleukodystrophy: Birth & Genetic Disorders
A brand of diuretics, medications that cause the kidneys to flush water and other substances (e.g., sodium) from the body through urine. More Information on Aldactone: Heart Drug & Medication
The enzyme that speeds up the reaction of the change from acetaldehyde to acetate, which produces acetyl CoA (a product necessary in the body to make energy).
A laboratory-made factor that stimulates the production of blood cells, especially platelets, during chemotherapy. More Information on Aldesleukin: Chemo & Radiation Therapy
The enzyme that speeds up the reaction of the change from acetaldehyde to acetate, which produces acetyl CoA (a product necessary in the body to make energy).
An enzyme that changes blood sugar (glucose) into sugar alcohol (sorbitol). Too much sorbitol is trapped in certain body cells lead to eye (retinopathy) or nerve problems (neuropathy). People with diabetes are at higher risk for these conditions. More Information on Aldose Reductase: Diabetes & Endocrine Basics
Medications that slow or block the actions of the aldose reductase enzyme that changes blood sugar (glucose) into sugar alcohol (sorbitol). Sorbitol trapped in body cells can lead to eye (retinopathy) or nerve problems (neuropathy). More Information on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Diabetes & Endocrine Drugs
A hormone found in the adrenal glands that controls the equilibrium of salt and water. When salt levels decrease in the body, this hormone is released in response.
"Alefacept" is more commonly referred to as "Cyclosporine" in the medical community. Cyclosporine
Also Known As: "Tacrolimus, Efalizumab, Pimecrolimus, Antithymocyte Globulin, Anakinra"
Any one of a type of immunosuppressant, medications that suppress the immune system. They may be used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis as well as to prevent rejection following organ transplants. More Information on Cyclosporine: Arthritis
"Alemtuzumab" is more commonly referred to as "Monoclonal Antibodies" in the medical community. Monoclonal Antibodies
Also Known As: "Cetuximab, Apolizumab, Dacliximab, Trastuzumab, Bevacizumab, Rituximab"
Any of a type of antibody made in the laboratory and designed to target specific substances called antigens. They are used to treat several conditions, including some types of cancer. More Information on Monoclonal Antibodies: Cancer Drug & Medication
A type of bisphosphonates, medications that prevent osteoporosis (porous bone disease). People with certain cancers are at higher risk of bone problems. More Information on Alendronate: Bone Health
A type of bisphosphonates, medications that prevent osteoporosis (porous bone disease). People with certain cancers are at higher risk of bone problems. More Information on Alendronate Sodium: Bone Health
A rare type of leukodystrophy, a genetic condition that results in damage to the myelin sheath that insulates nerves. It is not inherited, but can occur in families and predominantly affects males. There is no known treatment. More Information on Alexander Disease: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
Also Known As: "Motor Alexia, Musical Alexia, Optic Alexia"
A loss (or lessening) of the ability to comprehend written language or to read aloud. It is caused by a lesion in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Types include motor, musical and optic. More Information on Alexia: Neuro Signs & Symptoms
A thickening agent in the form of gum (similar to gelatin) which is derived from a particular form of brown algae. It is widely used by industrial, food and pharmaceutical companies to stabilize or soften products or as a suspending agent. More Information on Algin: Carbs & Sugars
Producing painful muscle spasms, movements or contractions. It is usually associated with peristalsis, an involuntary, wave-like motion in hollow canals of the body that forces contents through the canal.
Producing painful muscle spasms, movements or contractions. It is usually associated with peristalsis, an involuntary, wave-like motion in hollow canals of the body that forces contents through the canal.
Also Known As: "GI Tract, Lower GI Tract, Digestive Tract, Alimentary Tract, Gastrointestinal Tract, Upper GI Tract"
The passage through which food moves for digestion, including the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (e.g., mouth, esophagus, stomach) and the lower GI tract (e.g., small and large intestines, including the colon and rectum). More Information on Alimentary Canal: Digestive Health Basics
Also Known As: "GI Tract, Lower GI Tract, Digestive Tract, Gastrointestinal Tract, Upper GI Tract"
The passage through which food moves for digestion, including the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (e.g., mouth, esophagus, stomach) and the lower GI tract (e.g., small and large intestines, including the colon and rectum). More Information on Alimentary Tract: Digestive Health Basics
A type of artificial sweetener that is 2000 times sweeter than sugar. It is not yet approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States. More Information on Alitame: Carbs & Sugars
An enzyme found mostly in the liver, bones, kidneys and intestinal lining that influences bone growth and the transport of body fats called lipids. Blood levels are used to diagnose liver, skeletal muscle or blood disorders and other conditions.
An extremely low level of acidity in the blood causing a high pH level. Potential causes include high altitudes, hyperventilation and excessive vomiting. This is the opposite of acidosis.
"Alkanized Water" is more commonly referred to as "Structured Water" in the medical community. Structured Water
Also Known As: "Clustered Water, Oxygenated Water, Activated Water, Hexagonal Water, Pentagonal Water, Hydrogenated Water, Super Ionized Water"
Waters which supposedly have nutritional or spiritual value based on the physical structure of the water's atoms. These claims are widely rejected by the scientific community. More Information on Structured Water: Water & Hydration
A rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by urine that turns black when exposed to air. Patients also frequently develop arthritis in adulthood, most often in the spine.
A family of anticancer drugs that combines with a cancer cell's DNA to interferes with cell division. More Information on Alkylating Agents: Cancer Drug & Medication
"ALL" is more commonly referred to as "Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia" in the medical community. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Also Known As: "ALL Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"
A form of acute leukemia that involves immature lymphoid cells multiplying in the bone marrow, blood and body tissues. While more common in children, it also affects adults and remission is less likely in adults. More Information on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
"ALL in Children" is more commonly referred to as "Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children" in the medical community. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children
Also Known As: "Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children, Pediatric Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Juvenile Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Pediatric ALL, ALL Leukemia in Children, Juvenile ALL"
A form of acute leukemia more commonly diagnosed in children that involves immature lymphoid cells multiplying in the bone marrow, blood and body tissues. It is highly curable in children with treatments involving chemotherapy. More Information on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children: Pediatric Cancer
"ALL Leukemia" is more commonly referred to as "Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia" in the medical community. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Also Known As: "Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, ALL"
A form of acute leukemia that involves immature lymphoid cells multiplying in the bone marrow, blood and body tissues. While more common in children, it also affects adults and remission is less likely in adults. More Information on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
"ALL Leukemia in Children" is more commonly referred to as "Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children" in the medical community. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children
Also Known As: "Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children, Pediatric Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Juvenile Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Pediatric ALL, Juvenile ALL, ALL in Children"
A form of acute leukemia more commonly diagnosed in children that involves immature lymphoid cells multiplying in the bone marrow, blood and body tissues. It is highly curable in children with treatments involving chemotherapy. More Information on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children: Pediatric Cancer
A form of vitamin A most commonly used for the treatment acne or the prevention of aging. It may also be used in combination with chemotherapy to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and is being tested for use in the treatment of other cancers. More Information on All Trans Retinoic Acid: Cancer Drug & Medication
"Allergen Free" is more commonly referred to as "Hypoallergenic" in the medical community. Hypoallergenic
Also Known As: "Allergy Free"
A product that is not likely to provoke an allergic reaction. Manufacturers are not required to prove this claim, and there is no guarantee that a product will never cause a reaction. More Information on Hypoallergenic: Cosmetic, Chemical & Metal
"Allergen-Specific IgE Antibody Test" is more commonly referred to as "RAST Test" in the medical community. RAST Test
Also Known As: "Radioallergosorbent Test, Allergy Screen"
A blood test to determine the source or 'trigger' of an allergic reaction. It measures levels of IgE, a chemical that increases in response to a specific allergen. There is a different IgE for each different trigger (e.g., dust, pollen, dander). More Information on RAST Test: Allergy & Asthma Tests
A substance your body perceives as a threat, triggering an exaggerated reaction by the immune system. More Information on Allergens & Allergy Basics: Allergy Basics
Also Known As: "Bronchial Asthma, Allergic Rhinobronchitis, Allergic Bronchitis, Combined Allergic Rhinitis & Asthma Syndrome"
Inflammation of the lung's airways (bronchial tubes) that is caused by an allergic reaction. This leads to a persistent cough that produces large amounts of phlegm. More Information on Allergic Asthma: Asthma Basics
Also Known As: "Bronchial Asthma, Combined Allergic Rhinitis & Asthma Syndrome, Allergic Rhinobronchitis"
Inflammation of the lung's airways (bronchial tubes) that is caused by an allergic reaction. This leads to a persistent cough that produces large amounts of phlegm. More Information on Allergic Bronchitis: Asthma Basics
The chain of chemical reactions that occur in response to an allergen, eventually resulting in the release of histamines and other symptom-causing chemicals from mast cells. More Information on Allergic Cascade: Allergy Basics
Also Known As: "Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis, Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis, Hay Fever Conjunctivitis, Eye Allergy, Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis"
Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the tissue lining the inside of the eyelid, caused by an allergic reaction. Can be seasonal (occurring at certain times of the year) or perennial (year-round). More Information on Allergic Conjunctivitis: Eye Conditions
Allergic reaction to a substance the immune system recognizes as dangerous (allergen) that contacts the skin. Patients do not react upon first contact with the substance, but may develop a rash upon subsequent exposures. More Information on Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Dermatitis, Eczema & Hives
"Allergic Pneumonia" is more commonly referred to as "Pneumonia" in the medical community. Pneumonia
Also Known As: "Irritant Pneumonia, Fungal Pneumonia, Bacterial Pneumonia, Parasitic Pneumonia, Chemical Pneumonia, Viral Pneumonia"
Inflammation of the lungs with congestion that may be caused by infection (e.g., bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites) or irritants (e.g., allergens, pollutants, chemicals). Common symptoms include fever, chills, coughing and/or difficulty breathing. More Information on Pneumonia: Pneumonia & Lung Infection
An exaggerated or inappropriate reaction of the immune system to any substance that, in most people, causes no symptoms. More Information on Allergic Reaction: Allergy Basics
Also Known As: "Hay Fever, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Sporadic Allergic Rhinitis, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis"
Inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the nose due to an allergic reaction to pollen, dust or other airborne substances. Seasonal rhinitis (also called hay fever) is more common, but allergic rhinitis can also be perennial (year round). More Information on Allergic Rhinitis: Nose & Throat
Young children are less likely to experience this inflammation of the nasal passages caused by allergies. As children grow, they are likely to be exposed to dust, pollens and other allergens that may eventually trigger allergic rhinitis. More Information on Allergic Rhinitis & Children: Pediatric Allergy & Asthma
Also Known As: "Bronchial Asthma, Allergic Bronchitis, Combined Allergic Rhinitis & Asthma Syndrome"
Inflammation of the lung's airways (bronchial tubes) that is caused by an allergic reaction. This leads to a persistent cough that produces large amounts of phlegm. More Information on Allergic Rhinobronchitis: Asthma Basics
Also Known As: "Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis, Hay Fever Conjunctivitis, Eye Allergy, Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis"
Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the tissue lining the inside of the eyelid, caused by an allergic reaction. Can be seasonal (occurring at certain times of the year) or perennial (year-round). More Information on Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: Eye Conditions
"Allergic Rhinosinusitis" is more commonly referred to as "Rhinosinusitis" in the medical community. Rhinosinusitis
Also Known As: "Subacute Rhinosinusitis, Noninfectious Rhinosinusitis, Acute Rhinosinusitis, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis"
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses that occurs with rhinitis. It often occurs in patients with non-seasonal allergies and in those with moderate to severe asthma, and may persist for a few weeks (acute) or much longer (chronic). More Information on Rhinosinusitis: Nose & Throat
Inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities in the face. It can be caused by infection, irritants or allergies, and may be acute or chronic. Symptoms may include runny nose, headache, teeth sensitivity, nasal congestion and facial swelling. More Information on Sinusitis: Nose & Throat
A crease across the nose that results from pushing the nose upward when rubbing it to relieve the itching associated with allergies. More Information on Allergic Salute: Nose & Throat
Dark circles under the eyes that resemble bruises from a "black eye." A common symptom of allergic rhinitis. More Information on Allergic Shiner: Nose & Throat
Inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities in the face caused by an allergic reaction. Symptoms may include runny nose, headache, teeth sensitivity, nasal congestion, facial swelling and more. More Information on Allergic Sinusitis: Nose & Throat
Children whose parents suffer from allergies are more likely to have allergic reactions themselves. Some children will outgrow their allergies. However, most allergies continue into adulthood. More Information on Allergies & Children: Pediatric Allergy & Asthma
An exaggerated or inappropriate reaction of the immune system to any substance that, in most people, causes no symptoms. More Information on Allergy: Allergy Basics
A test that determines the amount of any given substance in the blood and identifies abnormally high or low levels. Allergy blood tests usually measure antibodies to a particular allergen. More Information on Allergy Blood Tests: Allergy & Asthma Tests
"Allergy Free" is more commonly referred to as "Hypoallergenic" in the medical community. Hypoallergenic
Also Known As: "Allergen Free"
A product that is not likely to provoke an allergic reaction. Manufacturers are not required to prove this claim, and there is no guarantee that a product will never cause a reaction. More Information on Hypoallergenic: Cosmetic, Chemical & Metal
A measure (from 1 to 10) of people affected by pollen in a specific region. This is not the same as a pollen count, as some types of pollen may cause more allergies than others. More Information on Allergy Index: Allergy Basics
Used to treat severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). Available only by prescription, kits contain, among other things, a dose of epinephrine and an autoinjector. More Information on Allergy Kit: Allergy Basics
Medications that generally relieve the symptoms caused by an allergy, but not the allergy itself. Medication includes antihistamines, anti-inflammatories, decongestants, pain relievers, eye drops and nasal sprays. More Information on Allergy Medications: Allergy Basics
Many allergy medications are sold in formulas designed for children. These may have side effects, such as hyperactivity or sedation. Parents should consult with a physician before giving children any allergy medication to a child. More Information on Allergy Medications & Children: Pediatric Allergy & Asthma
A safe method to identify allergens that cause contact dermatitis. Small amounts of allergens are applied to the skin on strips of tape and removed after two days. A positive allergy test shows up as a small red spot at the site of the patch. More Information on Allergy Patch Test: Allergy & Asthma Tests
Recurring ear infections may be a sign of allergies or allergy-related problems in children. More Information on Allergy Related Ear Problems in Children: Pediatric Allergy & Asthma
Eye-related symptoms or conditions may be a sign of allergies or allergy-related problems in children. These include itchy or watery eyes, redness or puffiness, recurring infections and other signs and symptoms. More Information on Allergy Related Eye Problems in Children: Pediatric Allergy & Asthma
"Allergy Screen" is more commonly referred to as "RAST Test" in the medical community. RAST Test
Also Known As: "Radioallergosorbent Test, Allergen-Specific IgE Antibody Test"
A blood test to determine the source or 'trigger' of an allergic reaction. It measures levels of IgE, a chemical that increases in response to a specific allergen. There is a different IgE for each different trigger (e.g., dust, pollen, dander). More Information on RAST Test: Allergy & Asthma Tests
Also Known As: "Enzyme Potentiated Desensitization, Low Dose Immunotherapy, Rush Immunotherapy, EPD, Accelerated Immunotherapy, Desensitization"
Allergy shots used to increase a person's tolerance to an allergen, reducing the symptoms, but not actually curing the allergy. They may be recommended to people who suffer from allergies more than 3 months a year. More Information on Allergy Shots: Allergy & Asthma Drugs
"Allergy Skin Prick Test" is more commonly referred to as "Skin Prick Test" in the medical community. Skin Prick Test
A fast, simple test in which a small amount of an allergen is introduced to by pricking the skin to provoke a reaction. A positive test for an allergen occurs when the skin reddens and swells. More Information on Skin Prick Test: Allergy & Asthma Tests
Also Known As: "Intradermal Test, Skin Test, Epicutaneous Test"
A fast, simple test in which a small amount of an allergen is introduced to the skin by prick, scratch or injection to provoke a reaction. A positive test for an allergen occurs when the skin reddens and swells. More Information on Allergy Skin Test: Allergy Basics
When an allergy is suspected, there are many tests that may be performed to determine the nature of the allergen, including skin tests, blood tests, patch tests and more. More Information on Allergy Tests: Allergy Basics
Treatment for allergies primarily involves avoiding allergens. However, it can also involve treating the symptoms of allergies, or increasing allergen tolerance by receiving allergy shots. More Information on Allergy Treatment: Allergy Basics
"Allograft" is more commonly referred to as "Homograft" in the medical community. Homograft
Also Known As: "Cadaveric Graft"
A graft where the donor and recipient are of the same species. For example, tissue from one dog is attached to tissue of another dog, as opposed to tissue from a cat being attached to tissue of a dog (xenograft).
Compounds found in cruciferous vegetables that may lower LDL "bad" cholesterol and protect the health of the immune system. Cruciferous vegetables include broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, cabbage and kale.
"Alobar Holoprosencephaly" is more commonly referred to as "Holoprosencephaly" in the medical community. Holoprosencephaly
Also Known As: "Lobar Holoprosencephaly, Arhinencephaly, Semilobar Holoprosencephaly"
A condition in which the forebrain of the embryo fails to develop, which usually occurs in the fifth or sixth weeks of pregnancy. Types include alobar (most severe), semilobar (intermediate) and lobar (least severe). More Information on Holoprosencephaly: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
A plant with a watery, gel-like substance within its leaves that is known for its ability to soothe and moisturize skin. It may also help in healing minor wounds, such as canker sores and cold sores.
A plant with a watery, gel-like substance within its leaves that is known for its ability to soothe and moisturize skin. It may also help in healing minor wounds, such as canker sores and cold sores.
A plant with a watery, gel-like substance within its leaves that is known for its ability to soothe and moisturize skin. It may also help in healing minor wounds, such as canker sores and cold sores.
A condition in which the hair falls out, leading to baldness. It may result from chemotherapy or radiation therapy used in the treatment of cancer. In most cases, hair regrowth occurs once treatment is ended. More Information on Alopecia: Cancer Basics
An autoimmune disease that causes the body to form antibodies against some hair follicles, causing smooth, circular patches of hair loss. More Information on Alopecia Areata: Alopecia (Hair Loss)
"ALPD" is more commonly referred to as "Lymphoproliferative Disorders" in the medical community. Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Also Known As: "CLPD, LPD, Acute Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders"
Conditions in which the body lymphatic cells grow, are overproduced or act abnormally. It can be chronic or acute. While not a form of cancer, these disorders are often treated the same as cancers of the lymphatic system. More Information on Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Lymphoma (Hodgkin's & Non)
Also Known As: "Progressive Sclerosing Poliodystrophy"
A rare genetic disorder that leads to degeneration of gray matter. It often causes seizures, mental retardation and liver problems. There is no known treatment and the condition cannot be definitively diagnose prior to death.
Also Known As: "Alpha 2 Blockers, Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists, Alpha Adrenergic Blockers, Alpha Antagonists"
Medications that reduce the workload of the heart and lower blood pressure. They are commonly used to treat high blood pressure or peripheral vascular disease. More Information on Alpha 1 Blockers: Heart Drug & Medication
Drugs that work to normalize bowel function and relieve pain. They are being studied for use in treating patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). More Information on Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agents: Digestive Medications
Also Known As: "Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists, Alpha Adrenergic Blockers, Alpha Antagonists, Alpha 1 Blockers"
Medications that reduce the workload of the heart and lower blood pressure. They are commonly used to treat high blood pressure or peripheral vascular disease. More Information on Alpha 2 Blockers: Heart Drug & Medication
Also Known As: "Alpha Adrenergic Blockers, Alpha Antagonists, Alpha 1 Blockers, Alpha 2 Blockers"
Medications that reduce the workload of the heart and lower blood pressure. They are commonly used to treat high blood pressure or peripheral vascular disease. More Information on Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists: Heart Drug & Medication
Also Known As: "Alpha Antagonists, Alpha 1 Blockers, Alpha 2 Blockers, Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists"
Medications that reduce the workload of the heart and lower blood pressure. They are commonly used to treat high blood pressure or peripheral vascular disease. More Information on Alpha Adrenergic Blockers: Heart Drug & Medication
Also Known As: "Alpha 1 Blockers, Alpha 2 Blockers, Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists, Alpha Adrenergic Blockers"
Medications that reduce the workload of the heart and lower blood pressure. They are commonly used to treat high blood pressure or peripheral vascular disease. More Information on Alpha Antagonists: Heart Drug & Medication
Also Known As: "Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists, Alpha Adrenergic Blockers, Alpha Antagonists, Alpha 1 Blockers, Alpha 2 Blockers"
Medications that reduce the workload of the heart and lower blood pressure. They are commonly used to treat high blood pressure or peripheral vascular disease. More Information on Alpha Blockers: Heart Drug & Medication
One variety of a carotenoid (having naturally occurring pigment), that is fat soluble (dietary fat must be present in the diet for absorption) and can be easily converted to the active form of vitamin A in the body.
A type of body cell found in the pancreas that both produces the hormone glucagon and releases it into the body. Glucagon raises glucose (blood sugar) levels in the blood. More Information on Alpha Cell: Diabetes & Endocrine Basics
A protein normally found only in a developing fetus. When found in the blood of nonpregnant adults, it may indicate the presence of a germ cell tumor or primary liver cancer. More Information on Alpha Fetoprotein: Cancer Lab Tests
A blood test to detect alpha fetoprotein, normally found only in a developing fetus. When found in the blood of nonpregnant adults, it may indicate the presence of a germ cell tumor or primary liver cancer. More Information on Alpha Fetoprotein Test: Cancer Lab Tests
A class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by slowing digestion. As food breaks down, blood sugar (glucose) is released. Slowing digestion helps prevent glucose levels from rising sharply after meals. More Information on Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors: Diabetes & Endocrine Drugs
Fruit acids that have the ability to keep moisture in the skin and begin the formation of collagen. More Information on Alpha Hydroxy: Skin Drugs & Medications
Fruit acids that have the ability to keep moisture in the skin and begin the formation of collagen. More Information on Alpha Hydroxy Acid: Skin Drugs & Medications
An essential fatty acid (not manufactured by the body) necessary to maintain health. Food sources include purslane and certain oils (e.g., flaxseed, canola, perilla, walnut). More Information on Alpha Linolenic Acid: Functional Foods
A progressive neurological disease in which the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement degenerate over time. This causes muscle weakness, atrophy, paralysis and, eventually, death. The cause is unknown and there is no cure. More Information on ALS: Movement Disorders
Also Known As: "SGPT, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, Alanine Transferase"
An enzyme found mostly in the liver that is vital to energy production, formerly known as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Blood levels can be used to diagnose cancer, liver inflammation, heart failure, heart attack and other conditions. More Information on ALT: Blood Tests
A brand of ACE inhibitors, medications that widen blood vessels and lower blood pressure by blocking the production of angiotensin II. ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme. More Information on Altace: Heart Drug & Medication
The process of obtaining blood for blood glucose testing from a part of the body other than the fingertips. Some glucose meters allow for this while others do not. More Information on Alternate Site Testing: Glucose
Alternative treatment is a broad term used for any concept or method of therapy that is not generally accepted or used by licensed physicians or other licensed healthcare providers. More Information on Alternative Allergy Treatments: Allergy Basics
Alternative treatment is a broad term used for any concept or method of therapy that is not generally accepted or used by licensed physicians or other licensed healthcare providers.
Alternative treatment is a broad term used for any concept or method of therapy that is not generally accepted or used by licensed physicians or other licensed healthcare providers.
"Aluminum Hydroxide" is more commonly referred to as "Antacids" in the medical community. Antacids
Also Known As: "Sodium Bicarbonate, Magnesium"
Over-the-counter medications that reduce the acid levels in the stomach fluids, including substances such as magnesium, aluminum hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate. They are often used to relieve heartburn, upset stomach or acid indigestion. More Information on Antacids: Digestive Medications
A thin layer of compact bone the forms the tooth socket. It is part of the alveolar process in the jaw bone that supports the teeth and roots. More Information on Alveolar Bone: Oral Health Basics
A disease resulting from infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis, a microscopic tapeworm in foxes, coyotes, dogs and cats. May cause tumors on the liver, lungs and brain. Left untreated, it can be fatal. More Information on Alveolar Echinococcosis: Infectious Disease Basics
A disease resulting from infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis, a microscopic tapeworm in foxes, coyotes, dogs and cats. May cause tumors on the liver, lungs and brain. Left untreated, it can be fatal. More Information on Alveolar Hydatid Disease: Infectious Disease Basics
"Alveolar Osteitis" is more commonly referred to as "Dry Socket" in the medical community. Dry Socket
Also Known As: "Dental Alveolitis, Post Extraction Alveolitis, Alveolitis"
Localized inflammation of the tooth socket following tooth extraction. It occurs when the blood clot at the surgery site is dislodged or dissolved, leaving the bone underneath exposed to air and food. It causes pain and may lead to infection. More Information on Dry Socket: Bridges, Dentures & Implants
The part of the jaw bone that surrounds the tooth sockets, holding the teeth in place. It includes the alveolar bone, cortical plate, alveolar crest and trabecular bone. More Information on Alveolar Process: Oral Health Basics
A small pocket or cavity in the body. In the lungs, alveoli are air sacs at the end of air passageways in the lungs. In the mouth, alveoli are the sockets in the jawbone that hold the roots of teeth.
"Alveolitis" is more commonly referred to as "Dry Socket" in the medical community. Dry Socket
Also Known As: "Dental Alveolitis, Post Extraction Alveolitis, Alveolar Osteitis"
Localized inflammation of the tooth socket following tooth extraction. It occurs when the blood clot at the surgery site is dislodged or dissolved, leaving the bone underneath exposed to air and food. It causes pain and may lead to infection. More Information on Dry Socket: Bridges, Dentures & Implants
A surgical procedure where the jaw bone is smoothed over, typically performed at the same time as a tooth extraction. More Information on Alveoloplasty: Dental Restorations
A small pocket or cavity in the body. In the lungs, alveoli are air sacs at the end of air passageways in the lungs. In the mouth, alveoli are the sockets in the jawbone that hold the roots of teeth.
A surgical procedure where the jaw bone is smoothed over, typically performed at the same time as a tooth extraction. More Information on Alveoplasty: Dental Restorations
A volunteer health organization attempting to eliminate Alzheimer's disease through research, improve care and support of Alzheimer's patients and their families and reduce mental deterioration. More Information on Alzheimer's Association: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Also Known As: "SDAT, Senile Dementia Alzheimer's Type"
A progressive disease that destroys brain cells, resulting in mental deterioration, disorientation and changes in personality and behavior. It usually begins with short-term memory loss and confusion and can progress to impair all mental function. More Information on Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease to relieve symptoms or slow the progression of the disease. These include cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDAs, vitamin E, psychiatric medications and alternative therapies. More Information on Alzheimer's Drugs: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Also Known As: "Alzheimer's Drugs, Alzheimer's Medicine"
Medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease to relieve symptoms or slow the progression of the disease. These include cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDAs, vitamin E, psychiatric medications and alternative therapies. More Information on Alzheimer's Medications: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease to relieve symptoms or slow the progression of the disease. These include cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDAs, vitamin E, psychiatric medications and alternative therapies. More Information on Alzheimer's Medicine: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Also Known As: "Amalgam Fillings, Silver Fillings, Metal Fillings"
An alloy of several elemental metals used to fill cavities. It has been used in dental restorations for over a century. It is durable and resistant to wear, making it particularly useful in molar restoration. More Information on Amalgam: Dental Restorations
Also Known As: "Dental Filling Allergy, Metal Filling Allergy"
A rare adverse reaction to material used to fill dental cavities. Amalgam is a mixture of mercury and alloy of silver, tin and copper. Allergic reactions occur in under 1 percent of the population. More Information on Amalgam Allergy: Cosmetic, Chemical & Metal
An alloy of several elemental metals used to fill cavities. It has been used in dental restorations for over a century. It is durable and resistant to wear, making it particularly useful in molar restoration. More Information on Amalgam Fillings: Dental Restorations
Small gray or blue discolorations on the tongue, roof of the mouth, or in the soft tissues of the mouth caused by amalgam fillings. They are common and not dangerous. More Information on Amalgam Tattoos: Dental Restorations
Also Known As: "Procyclidine, Ethopropazine, Trihexyphenidyl, Benztropine, Profenamine, Biperiden"
A drug belonging to the class of antidyskinetics, which are used alleviate symptoms associated with some neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis). More Information on Amantadine: Neuro Drug & Medication
Also Known As: "Intersex Condition, Hermaphrodite, Hermaphroditism"
A genetic mutation that causes a person to be born with external genitalia that do not have a typical appearance and makes specific determination of gender difficult. More Information on Ambiguous Genitalia: Birth & Genetic Disorders
Poor vision in an eye that is otherwise normal that is often caused by crossed eyes or refractory problems (e.g., nearsightedness). Because the brain "learns" to ignore signals from the eye, this can cause permanent vision loss if untreated. More Information on Amblyopia: Pediatric Hearing & Vision
"Ambrosia Artemisiifolia" is more commonly referred to as "Ragweed" in the medical community. Ragweed
Also Known As: "Horse Ragweed, Common Ragweed, Ambrosia Trifida, Great Ragweed"
A common weedy plant that produces a pollen known to trigger hay fever and asthma. It grows alongside roads and rivers and in vacant lots. Flowers are yellowish-green. It is often confused with goldenrod, which can not trigger hay fever. More Information on Ragweed: Outdoor Allergies
"Ambrosia Trifida" is more commonly referred to as "Ragweed" in the medical community. Ragweed
Also Known As: "Horse Ragweed, Common Ragweed, Great Ragweed, Ambrosia Artemisiifolia"
A common weedy plant that produces a pollen known to trigger hay fever and asthma. It grows alongside roads and rivers and in vacant lots. Flowers are yellowish-green. It is often confused with goldenrod, which can not trigger hay fever. More Information on Ragweed: Outdoor Allergies
Also Known As: "Automatic BP System, ABP, Automatic Blood Pressure System, ABPM, 24 Hour Blood Pressure Test, Automatic BP Test, 24 Hour Automatic Blood Pressure Test"
A method of taking regular blood pressure (BP) readings of patients over 24 hours. A special monitor is used and patients keep an activity log. Most patients with BP disorders do not need ABPM and some physicians still consider it to be experimental. More Information on Ambulatory Blood Pressure: Blood Pressure
Also Known As: "Automatic BP System, ABP, Automatic Blood Pressure System, ABPM, 24 Hour Blood Pressure Test, Automatic BP Test, Ambulatory Blood Pressure, 24 Hour Automatic Blood Pressure Test"
A method of taking regular blood pressure (BP) readings of patients over 24 hours. A special monitor is used and patients keep an activity log. Most patients with BP disorders do not need ABPM and some physicians still consider it to be experimental. More Information on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Blood Pressure
"Ambulatory Cardiac Catheterization" is more commonly referred to as "Cardiac Catheterization" in the medical community. Cardiac Catheterization
Also Known As: "Outpatient Cardiac Catheterization, Heart Catheterization, Catheterization, Cardiac Cath, Arterial Catheterization"
The process by which a catheter is inserted by a physician into a blood vessel and all the way to the heart, in order to obtain information about the heart and the coronary arteries. This term may also describe catheter-based procedures. More Information on Cardiac Catheterization: Catheter Tests & Procedures
Also Known As: "Loop Recorder, Ambulatory Electrocardiology, Electrocardiographic Ambulatory Monitoring, Intermittent Recorder, AECG, Event Monitor, Continuous Recorder"
The recording of heart activity while the patient is freely moving (ambulatory). Data often can be sent across phone lines to a monitoring station. More Information on Ambulatory EKG: Heart Imaging & Rhythm Tests
Also Known As: "Loop Recorder, Electrocardiographic Ambulatory Monitoring, Intermittent Recorder, AECG, Event Monitor, Continuous Recorder, Ambulatory EKG"
The recording of heart activity while the patient is freely moving (ambulatory). Data often can be sent across phone lines to a monitoring station. More Information on Ambulatory Electrocardiology: Heart Imaging & Rhythm Tests
Also Known As: "Ambulatory EKG, Loop Recorder, Ambulatory Electrocardiology, Electrocardiographic Ambulatory Monitoring, Intermittent Recorder, AECG, Event Monitor, Continuous Recorder"
The recording of heart activity while the patient is freely moving (ambulatory). Data often can be sent across phone lines to a monitoring station. More Information on Ambulatory Monitoring: Heart Imaging & Rhythm Tests
A test to monitor acid in the esophagus using small probe that is inserted into the esophagus for about 24 hours. More Information on Ambulatory pH Monitoring Examination: Digestive Lab Tests
"Ambulatory Phlebectomy" is more commonly referred to as "Phlebectomy" in the medical community. Phlebectomy
Also Known As: "Venectomy"
A procedure in which a series of tiny skin punctures is used to remove smaller varicose veins. It is used in the treatment of peripheral venous disorders. More Information on Phlebectomy: Vascular Disease
"AMDR" is more commonly referred to as "Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges" in the medical community. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
A recommended range of daily intakes for fat, carbohydrate, and protein based their role in chronic disease risk, as well as to ensure adequate intake of other essential nutrients. AMDR is expressed as a percent of daily calories.
Also Known As: "Ameboid Dysentery, Acute Amebiasis, Entamoeba Histolytica Infection, Chronic Amebiasis"
A type of dysentery caused by a parasitic infection of an amoeba, a primitive single-cell organism. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea or loose stool. It may be chronic (long term) or acute (short term or severe). More Information on Amebiasis: Gastroenteritis & Food Illness
Also Known As: "Acute Amebiasis, Entamoeba Histolytica Infection, Chronic Amebiasis"
A type of dysentery caused by a parasitic infection of an amoeba, a primitive single-cell organism. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea or loose stool. It may be chronic (long term) or acute (short term or severe). More Information on Ameboid Dysentery: Gastroenteritis & Food Illness
A type of skin cancer in which the cancer cells do not make the skin pigment melanin. It is marked by irregular-shaped lesions that are pink, red or with edges that are light brown, tan or grey. More Information on Amelanotic Melanoma: Skin Cancer
Also Known As: "Absent Menstruation, Dietary Amenorrhea, Absent Periods, Primary Amenorrhea, Emotional Amenorrhea, Absent Menses, Secondary Amenorrhea, Ovarian Amenorrhea"
Absence of menstruation. This may be normal, such as before puberty, during pregnancy and lactation and after menopause. Or, it may be caused by congenital abnormalities, anorexia, endocrine disorders, hormonal imbalances or metabolic conditions. More Information on Amenorrhea: ObGyn Signs & Symptoms
Group working for the advancement and knowledge of allergy, asthma and immunology for improved patient care. It is made up of allergists, asthma specialists, clinical immunologists and others.
A national association of medical professionals seeking to treat, cure and improve the lives of children with mental, behavioral or developmental disorders through research, education and establishing guidelines for psychiatric care.
A national organization of family physicians, medical residents and students dedicated to improving the health of patients, families and communities through quality, cost-effective care and the promotion of science.
An international association of neurologists and neuroscience professionals whose mission is to ensure access to care as well as to provide information, support and advocacy to its members.
A national association of pediatricians committed to improving the health and well-being of children through research, education, advocacy and establishing guidelines for child health care and safety.
Organization that promotes research, education, and advocacy to further understanding, and eventually develop effective treatments, for chronic fatigue syndrome and related conditions, such as fibromyalgia
A non-profit association of professionals specializing in the practice and study of endodontics (the area of dentistry focus on the dental pulp and tooth nerves).
A national association dedicated to the mental health and well-being of older adults with the goal of improving the knowledge base and standard of practice in geriatric psychiatry through research and education.
A national organization that provides support, education and advocacy for kidney patients and their families. The group includes patients, family members, renal professionals, friends and institutional members.
A national organization of local poison control centers that sets voluntary standards for local centers, supports research and promotes public and professional educational opportunities toward a goal of reducing poisoning injuries and deaths.
A national, professional society focusing on research into intellectual and developmental disabilities and the human rights of and policies and practices dealing with people with such disabilities.
Establishes qualifications and examines physician candidates for certification as allergy specialists. Their list of certified allergists-immunologists is available to the public and healthcare communities.
A national, volunteer, community organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem. Its roles include advocacy, research, education and service with goals of prevention, saving lives and diminishing the suffering of cancer patients.
National organization dedicated to facilitating peer support and education for individuals with chronic pain and their families and raise awareness about issues of living with chronic pain.
An organization of cardiovascular scientists and physicians. ACC fosters professional education, research and quality standards, and represents its membership in the development of and advocacy for public healthcare policy.
Medical specialty society of physicians, surgeons, health professionals and specialists in the field of chest diseases. The group routinely discusses cardiopulmonary medicine at meetings and events.
An association of gastroenterologists seeking to advance the study of gastrointestinal diseases and promote education of specialists, general physicians and patients.
Organization dedicated to promoting a type of advanced treatment for skin cancer developed by Dr. Frederic Mohs in the 1930s which involves removing diseased tissue and examining it under a microscope.
A voluntary, non-profit organization of medical professionals who specialize in women's health. Its mission includes advocating women's issues, educating members and patients, and promoting awareness of women's issues among the general public.
A professional organization of rheumatologists and related healthcare professionals. Its mission involves curing and/or preventing disability related to arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles and bones.
A non-profit patient and professional partnership that advances the treatment and management of headaches as well as providing education resources on the biological basis of headaches.
A long-standing professional association of dentists that is considered the authority on oral health and is dedicated to improving oral health through education, research, advocacy and setting standards in dental care.
"American Dental Association Seal Of Acceptance" is more commonly referred to as "ADA Seal Of Acceptance" in the medical community. ADA Seal Of Acceptance
Also Known As: "ADA Accepted, ADA Seal"
A designation by the American Dental Association that a product has met its standards for safety and effectiveness. The seal may appear on toothbrushes, floss, toothpaste, mouthwash, implants, fillings and other consumer or professional products.
A national organization dedicated to providing diabetes information, research and advocacy. Its mission is to prevent and cure diabetes in addition to improving the lives of people with diabetes.
A national organzation that is influential in guiding federal food and nutrition policy and promoting good health through nutrition to the general public. In addition, the ADA sets quality standards for professional dietetics practices.
A national association of physicians and scientists dedicated to advancing the science and education of gastroenterology through research and education.
A not-for-profit health organization, founded in 1924, working toward the reduction of disability and death from heart disease and stroke. Its activities include research and education at the national, state and local level.
A national organization seeking to advocate awareness of hereditary hemochromatosis (an inherited iron overload disease) and to educate and support patients with the disease and their families.
"American Joint Committee on Cancer Stages" is more commonly referred to as "TNM System" in the medical community. TNM System
Also Known As: "AJCC Staging System"
A standard for determining the stage of a cancer developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. It is based on tumor size (T) and whether it has spread to lymph nodes (N) and other organs (metastasized [M]). More Information on TNM System: Cancer Basics
A voluntary health organization founded in 1904, supporting research, educational programs, public advocacy and other programs relating to lung disease, asthma, smoking and environmental health.
A leading U.S. professional medical organization promoting the science of medicine and the betterment of public health through medical education, professional standards, advocacy and the delivery of information to physicians and the American public.
Obesity is a major contributor to heart disease. The AOA supports activities that further obesity research, raise public and professional awareness of obesity issues, and advocate for federal policies associated with this widespread problem.
An independent not-for-profit organization supporting people with pain through information, advocacy and support. It is involved in promoting awareness and research into pain conditions and pain management techniques.
An association that supports the physicians who treat patients with chronic pain. It advocates for the resources that physicians need to treat patients, including the necessary use of pain medications.
A national organization dedicated to the health and well-being of patients with porphyrias (diseases characterized by the buildup of various body chemicals) and their families through education and research.
A professional organization responsible for compilation and review of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which provides clinicians with descriptions and criteria for all diagnosable mental health conditions.
The independent, volunteer-based American Red Cross, affiliated with the International Red Cross Movement, is a humanitarian organization seeking to assist those in need by providing disaster relief and help to people in danger or distress.
Professional organization dedicated to promoting the diagnosis and surgical, reconstructive and cosmetic treatment of diseases of the skin, hair and nails.
A national association of licensed physicians specializing in the treatment of obesity and related conditions. ASBP is involved in activities that assist professional development and communication, and the dissemination of information to the public.
Founded in 1985, ASH is dedicated to the scientific investigation of high blood pressure. ASH organizes and conducts activities that promote and encourage research and the exchange of scientific information related to hypertension and heart disease.
An organization whose members are board-certified plastic surgeons who perform cosmetic and resconstructive surgery. It advocates patient safety and requires its members to operate in accredited surgical facilities.
A division of the American Heart Association, formed in 1997 to carry forward its stroke-related priorities, including teaching about warning signs, funding prevention research, working with physicians and assisting stroke survivors and families.
"American Trypanosomiasis" is more commonly referred to as "Chagas Disease" in the medical community. Chagas Disease
Also Known As: "Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection"
A parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruz (a kinetoplastid flagellate) that occurs only in the Americas. It typically is transmitted to humans by insects called triatomine bugs that live in cracks and holes of substandard housing. More Information on Chagas Disease: Parasitic Disease
"Amikacin" is more commonly referred to as "Streptomycin" in the medical community. Streptomycin
Also Known As: "Meomycin, Tobramycin, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Kanamycin, Spectinomycin"
A type of antibiotic belonging to the drug class of aminoglycosides. These medications kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. More Information on Streptomycin: Digestive Medications
Protein stored in the liver that is used when not enough protein is ingested through diet to maintain normal body functions (e.g., nerve, brain). Only a certain amount is stored, regardless of protein intake, but if used, it can be replenished.
Building blocks central to protein metabolism. They are converted into hormones, antibodies, nucleic acids (parts of DNA) and other key compounds. Some can be made by the body (nonessential). Others must be obtained through the diet (essential).
A class of antibiotics, medications that kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. Members of this class include amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, meomycin and streptomycin, among others. More Information on Aminoglycosides: Digestive Medications
Medications used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and to keep the disease in remission. More Information on Aminosalicylates: Digestive Medications
"Aminosalicylic Acid" is more commonly referred to as "5 Aminosalicylic Acid" in the medical community. 5 Aminosalicylic Acid
Also Known As: "5ASA"
A type of aminosalicylate, a group of medications used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and tuberculosis. More Information on 5 Aminosalicylic Acid: Digestive Medications
"AML" is more commonly referred to as "Acute Myeloid Leukemia" in the medical community. Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Also Known As: "Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Granulocytic Leukemia, Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute Myelocytic Leukemia, Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia, Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia, AML Leukemia"
The more common form of acute leukemia in adults. It involves the replacement of normal bone marrow with cancerous cells and the circulation of immature cells in the blood. Remission is possible. Treatments may include a bone marrow transplant. More Information on Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
The more common form of acute leukemia in adults. It involves the replacement of normal bone marrow with cancerous cells and the circulation of immature cells in the blood. Remission is possible. Treatments may include a bone marrow transplant. More Information on Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
"Ammonia Blood Test" is more commonly referred to as "Plasma Ammonia Test" in the medical community. Plasma Ammonia Test
Also Known As: "Ammonia Test"
A blood test that measures the levels of ammonia present in plasma. Elevated plasma ammonia levels are an indicator of liver damage or disease. It is seldom used today. More Information on Plasma Ammonia Test: Blood Tests
"Ammonia Test" is more commonly referred to as "Plasma Ammonia Test" in the medical community. Plasma Ammonia Test
Also Known As: "Ammonia Blood Test"
A blood test that measures the levels of ammonia present in plasma. Elevated plasma ammonia levels are an indicator of liver damage or disease. It is seldom used today. More Information on Plasma Ammonia Test: Blood Tests
A form of poisoning caused by eating shellfish containing domoic acid. Symptoms include memory loss. More Information on Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning: Gastroenteritis & Food Illness
Removal of fluid from the amniotic sac with a needle and syringe inserted through a pregnant woman's abdomen. May be done to detect genetic or biochemical problems, maternal-fetal blood incompatibility or fetal maturity. More Information on Amniocentesis: Pregnancy Basics
A fluid filled sac that surrounds a baby during pregnancy and protects the baby from injuries, sudden movements and temperature changes. It gives the baby freedom to move and allows for proper musculoskeletal and lung development. More Information on Amniotic Fluid: Pregnancy Basics
"Amoxicillin" is more commonly referred to as "Penicillins" in the medical community. Penicillins
Also Known As: "Oxacillin, Ticarcillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Cloxacillin, Carbenicillin, Ampicillin"
A class of antibiotics, medications that kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. Examples include penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and dicloxacillin, among others. More Information on Penicillins: Cold & Infections Medications
A medication with a stimulating effect on the central and peripheral nervous systems. It increases energy and decreases appetite. More Information on Amphetamine: Psychiatric Medications
Recreational use of amphetamines (a stimulant) that may lead to tolerance and strong physical dependence. In large doses, this drug is toxic. More Information on Amphetamine Abuse: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
Recreational use of amphetamines (a stimulant) that may lead to tolerance and strong physical dependence. In large doses, this drug is toxic. More Information on Amphetamine Disorders: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
"Amphiarthrosis Joint" is more commonly referred to as "Joint" in the medical community. Joint
Also Known As: "Fibrous Joint, Cartilaginous Joint, Synovial Joint, Diarthrosis Joint, Synarthrosis Joint"
The location where two bones connect that may be made of fibrous tissue (fibrous), cartilage (cartilaginous) or space (synovial). Joints may permit no motion (synarthrosis), little motion (amphiarthrosis) or a variety of movements (diarthrosis).
"Ampicillin" is more commonly referred to as "Penicillins" in the medical community. Penicillins
Also Known As: "Oxacillin, Ticarcillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Cloxacillin, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin"
A class of antibiotics, medications that kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. Examples include penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and dicloxacillin, among others. More Information on Penicillins: Cold & Infections Medications
A structure in the frontal part of the brain that regulates emotional responses and triggers responses to danger. It also plays a part in the development of memories. More Information on Amygdala: Brain & Nerve Basics
"Amygdalin" is more commonly referred to as "Laetrile" in the medical community. Laetrile
A substance containing the poison cyanide that is found in plants and in the pits of many fruits. It may be marketed as having anticancer properties. However, this has not been proven. It is not approved for use in the United States.
A hormone produced by the pancreatic beta cells along with insulin. Its functions include suppressing glucagon, a hormone that acts contrary to insulin by increasing glucose (blood sugar). Synthetic amylin is an injected medication used to treat some cases of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. More Information on Amylin: Diabetes & Endocrine Basics
The outer part of a starch grain which contains glucose and is insoluble. It has a very high molecular weight and is branched with glucose from a plant with amylose (inner portion of a starch grain).
A progressive neurological disease in which the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement degenerate over time. This causes muscle weakness, atrophy, paralysis and, eventually, death. The cause is unknown and there is no cure. More Information on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Movement Disorders
"Amyotrophy" is more commonly referred to as "Proximal Neuropathy" in the medical community. Proximal Neuropathy
Also Known As: "Lumbosacral Plexus Neuropathy, Diabetic Amyotrophy, Bruns Garland Syndrome"
A progressive wasting of muscle tissues leading to weakness and loss of muscle function. It is a type of neuropathy and people with diabetes are at higher risk of developing this condition (diabetic amyotrophy). More Information on Proximal Neuropathy: Neuropathy
/pain_89.jpg "Fibromyalgia pain")
/doctor_89.jpg "ulcerative colitis tips")
