Acupuncture is one of the oldest and most commonly used medical procedures in the world. It involves inserting fine needles into specific points in the body to restore and maintain health. Acupuncture is commonly used to control pain and other symptoms associated with a number of medical conditions.

Acupuncture is a component of traditional Chinese medicine. According to this ancient system, the body is a balance between two opposing forces, yin and yang. When the balance between these forces is disrupted, it leads to a blockage of qi, the vital energy or life force responsible for a person’s spiritual, emotional, mental and physical balance. This blockage is believed to result in illness and pain. 

Qi (pronounced “chee”) is believed to travel through the body in pathways known as meridians. Each pathway is thought to correspond to one specific organ or group of organs. To relieve pain and restore health, specific points along the meridians (acupuncture points) are stimulated. The most commonly practiced acupuncture technique involves the insertion of hair-thin, solid, sterile metallic needles into the specific acupuncture points. Less often, these points may be stimulated with pressure (acupressure), herbal compounds, laser, therapeutic ultrasound, heat or electricity.

Most patients feel no pain or minimal discomfort as the needles are placed. Some may feel a pinch or sting accompanied by a sensation of warmth or tingling. The number and placement of the needles is based on the condition being treated. Usually, fewer than a dozen needles are inserted. The time the needles are left in place and the depth of insertion also vary. In most cases, the needles are left in place for 15 to 30 minutes. In some instances, the needles may be inserted just for stimulation and immediately removed.

Although researchers have been unable to explain the effectiveness of acupuncture in terms of conventional medicine, experts believe its effectiveness may be due to stimulation of the central nervous system, release of natural opioids or changes in body function.  

According to the National Health Interview Survey, about 8.2 million American adults have had acupuncture. In recent years, many physicians in Western medicine have adopted acupuncture as added treatment for medical conditions.

Acupuncture is commonly used to relieve chronic pain associated with a number of conditions, including:

• Back pain, neck pain and other joint pain
• Headaches
• Osteoarthritis and other forms of arthritis
• Pelvic pain
• Fibromyalgia
• Carpal tunnel syndrome

It is also frequently used to treat symptoms associated with cancer or cancer treatments, such as fatigue and nausea. It is becoming popular for treatment of acute pain (e.g., pain control during minor procedures).  Acupuncture sessions may take place over a few days, several weeks or longer. The treatments may be performed alone or in combination with other elements, such as herbal supplements or physical therapy.

The effectiveness of acupuncture depends upon the medical condition and the expertise of the performer, and varies from person to person. For some people, acupuncture provides immediate relief. Other patients do not notice an improvement until several sessions have been conducted. Many people report no effect.

As with most treatments, there are a number of risks associated with acupuncture. Potential risks include infection, bleeding or an organ puncture. To minimize these risks, patients are encouraged to choose an acupuncturist with care. In the United States, acupuncture is offered by physicians, dentists and certified acupuncturists.